Revista Universitaria de la Educación Física y el Deporte
The "University Journal of Physical Education and Sports" of the Instituto Universitario Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes, IUACJ, is intended to disseminate topics of national and international interest (not published in Uruguay), which contribute to the development of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation and areas linked to the Human Movement 2.6.0.0 2.6.0.0 2.6.0.0
Instituto Universitário Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes
2.6.0.0
Recensiones de libros y novedades editoriales publicadas
Sports teaching methodologies in the uruguayan public school
The study delved into the sports teaching methodologies of 396 physical education teachers from Uruguayan public schools between 2018 and 2020. Its mixed methodological strategy used an online questionnaire, and interviews and non-participant observations focused on teachers from the Maldonado Department. The result reveals the predominance of technical teaching models and their correspondence with activities of the same type. We conclude that the teaching representations about the methodologies used do not always correspond to the pedagogical and didactic work carried out, a distortion that should be reviewed if emancipatory sports training is projected.
Relationship between dermatoglyphic, morphofunctional profiles and blood pressure in professional soccer players
Physical activity produces beneficial effects on blood pressure, morphofunctional profile determines the degree of predisposition to diseases of this type. New areas of knowledge such as dermatoglyphics have been shown as a predictor for different pathologies. This is a nonexperimental cross sectional research. The objective is to determine the relationship between dermatoglyphic profile, blood pressure levels, body composition and explosive strength in soccer and indoor soccer players. The sample consisted of 12 indoor soccer players and 19 soccer players. The results indicate that players with higher muscle power index have the highest values of systolic blood pressure. There is a predominance of the figure Loop in both disciplines; in addition, there is evidence of an inverse relationship between the resting heart rate and the variables height-flight time in explosive force.
Aquatic activities in uruguay: between the curriculum and the pedagogical task
In a framework of public policies that involved teacher participation in the compulsory nature of Physical Education in the school curriculum, aquatic activities were included in it in 2008. This comprised a process that started from originally prescribed content that was expanded including new cultural aspectsfrom the pedagogical task in dialogue with regulations and cir-culars. Through the recovery of cases of teachingexperiences and these documents, this work aims to conceptualize and delve into the new forms that constituted school aquatic activities, articulating voices between the local and national levels between the years 2008 and 2020.
Exercises for training of water rescue techniques in lifeguard training courses
In Cuba, lifeguard training courses need tools to optimize physical preparation and mastery of water rescue techniques. This paper describes a system of exercises to support the teaching-learning process of these techniques. The exercises were designed to practice swimming, freediving, towing, flotation and unlocking techniques, in order to work on specific skills that the lifeguard must acquire to master each of these techniques. This system of exercises is novel for this type of course in our country and promotes interaction situations as an important support of the didactic model.
Run homo sapiens, run! evolution, body design and endurance running
During its evolution, the genus Homo needed to use a variety of motor gestures to survive. However, we humans are not particularly agile, strong or fast. On the contrary, our bodies have adaptations that lead authors to hypothesize that we evolved as endurance runners. This, together with the incorporation of a higher quality diet, would be the main determinants of our survival as a species. This paper describes the anatomical particularities present in Homo sapiens that support this hypothesis. We conclude with some reflections on the evolutionary perspective and the challenge posed by chronic diseases today.
Consumption of psychoactive substances among physical education students
This article has the need to find the look that students have regarding the consumption of psychoactive substances, taking into account that the population is of subjects that are outside the body's education, taking into account this, the general objective is to determine the positioning of the physical education student against the consumption of psychoactive substances, the method used was descriptive with a quantitative approach, for the techniques of information collection the observation and the survey were managed, however, it was possible to recognize that Psychoactive substances are a subject that is debated and carried out with an unimaginable frequency, landing on the realities of education.
Analysis of the intervening physical demands in a small-sided game for football players
The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical response obtained from a small-sided game with soccer players at different stages of development. A total of 18 players participated in the pro-posal, subdivided into three independent groups, differentiated by their age and division in which they play (14.4 ± 0.2; 16.3 ± 0.2 and 21.0 ± 1 years). All performed 4 sets of 3 min of a 3 vs. 3 game, with a fixed relative field size of 174 m2 per individual. The activity profile was measured through a global positioning system (GPS) from which variables such as Distance covered, High in-tensity, High intensity quality, Maximum actions, Player load and RHIE were obtained. An ANOVA analysis and a Post-Hoc test were used to describe that certain physical variables were accentuated in older players with sports experience; likewise, others were substantially affected, more due to aspects of the task than to the physical condition of the athletes. The results suggest that soccer coaches should consider the age and experience of the soccer players when selecting tasks in the format of small-sided games and, according to their profile, prioritize the most relevant indicators for them.
Relationship between BMI, motor and cognitive functions in school children
The study analyzed the relationship between BMI, cognitive and motor functions in schoolchildren. 81 school children participated (F = 35 and M = 46), 48 from Sauce and 33 from Paso Carrasco (Canelones, Uruguay). The 10-meter test was used to analyze the gait. For cognitive functions, the Trails A and B and Tower of London Test were carried out. For BMI, the cut-off points established by the WHO were taken. Comparisons were made by center, sex and BMI. The results were uneven, although in terms of cognitive flexibility, planning, problem solving, speed and coefficient of variability of the gait, the normal weight group was better than the obesity group.
Processes of educational inclusión and physical activity in people with disabilities
This theoretical essay focuses on a critical discussion of traditional and current theories on the field of educational inclusion as a key aspect to understand diversity. Nowadays, the inclusion is opposed to the social exclusion phenomena, through guidelines related to social justice and education, pro-posing more egalitarian and fair educational institutions, promoting the accessibility and participa-tion of people in vulnerability situations, such as the disability condition. At the same time, this work presents some reflections on challenges and strengths associated to the scope, understanding and conceptualization of human rights, depending on the place that each person has in the community, nature and the State; the physical activity as a tool to promote equality, taking into account the diversity, coexistence and identity of the person.
The teaching of aquatic activities in primary schools and their underlying theoretical assumptions
The objective of this study was to know the teaching methodologies of aquatic activities, used by physical education teachers in the eastern area of the primary school in Montevideo Uruguay. A qualitative and exploratory methodology was used through: (a) non-participant observation and (b) in-depth interview. As main results, a lack of theoretical foundation was observed from the teachers to be able to explain the methodological forms used to teach water activities and or swimming. Keywords: Water activities; Swimming; Teaching; Method; Methodological construction.
Evaluation of maximum peak power in athletes: comparison of methods
This study analysed the peak maximum power (PPM) during a countermovement jump (CMJ), on two types of female athletes (Soccer and Volley) of different ages, by means of kinematic analyses. The reconstruction of the 3D trajectory of the body centre of mass permitted measuring the jump height, and deriving velocities, forces and powers throughout the exercise (inverse dynamic). The PPMs where estimated from the force time velocity vectors and by means of jump height based predictive equations. Inverse dynamic analyses did not show significant differences of PPMs. However, the jumps where significantly higher in volley players. The predictive equations overestimated the PPMs.
Physical exercise programs in people with coronary artery disease
The aim of this study was to know the influence of physical exercise programs (PEP) and their prescription characteristics on variables of cardiac rehabilitation in people with coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, with articles published up to September 1, 2019. A total of 3902 articles were identified, of which 4 were selected. The studies presented a moderate and high quality. Evidence was found on the best ranges of the duration of high intensity interval training, and of the frequency, duration, intensity and session time of continuous moderate intensity training. More studies are needed to reach consistent conclusions about the characteristics of these and other PEP.
Concurrent validity of global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) in Argentina: a pilot study
The concurrent validity of GPAQ was studied in a pilot sample of six Argentine adult subjects. GPAQ results were compared with the heart rate with individual calibration technique. It was found a poor concordance between both techniques in the variable time of moderate to vigorous physical activity and a high correlation between GPAQ and energy expenditure from moderate to vigorous physical activity. It is concluded that GPAQ presents a high concurrent validity with heart rate monitoring only in terms of energy expenditure from moderate to vigorous physical activity. This should be assumed as provisory until larger and more diverse samples are tested.
Physical activity; Questionnaires; Validity; Argentina
The meaning of sport content in the primary education program (Uruguay)
The article essays a theoretical critique of the current Early and Primary Education Program for the uruguayan school. First, it reviews the content of the general components of all the areas of the design, stopping then at the specific one of the Area of Body Knowledge - Physical Education, particularly in the treatment of the sport content. Its main conceptualizations are compiled and analyzed in order to identify internal contradictions. It is concluded that its dissonances alter the coherence of the global structure of the document, which affects the pedagogical interests to which its contents respond with their consequences in the national educational political project.
Tactical-strategic observational complex systemic model in football
The present study points out some important limitations of traditional observational studies, with the aim of proposing a systemic-complex, tactical-strategic observational model in soccer (SOTEF). Based on original concepts from systemic and complexity sciences, we developed SOTEF, which we think will be useful both for coaches in their professional practice and for researchers in the study of soccer and other team sports. If so, we will also be helping to reduce the gap that currently separates academic production and professional practice.
Accelerometers and questionnaires in the study of physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Problem: It is important to know the levels of physical activity and sedentary time of people to be able to perform interventions in order to improve lifestyles. Therefore, it is interesting to compare how the physical activity, mass-used and low-cost questionnaires perform, with the accelerometers that provide objective measurements.Objective: to compare physical activity and sedentary time in a group of adults measured by accelerometry and estimated through what was reported in a self-reported physical activity questionnaire. Methods: 12 men and 17 women, mean age of 34.14 years (9.46DS). Accelerometry: each subject carried, at the level of the right hip and secured with a belt, a CSA 7164 uniaxial accelerometer for a week and completed the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), proposed by the World Health Organization. Results: the t-test of related samples was used showing that there are significant differences between the average sedentary time measured with the accelerometer and with the questionnaire, (p = 0.00). The Wilcoxon test compared the physical activity measured with the accelerometer and with the questionnaire that showed significant differences (p = 0.009). A weak positive correlation (r = 0.45) in time (p = 0.014) could be observed, meaning that both devices register it with the same trend. Conclusion: Care must be taken when interpreting the results of physical activity questionnaires since in general they may present significantly different values ​​than those reported by objective methods. It is necessary to improve the questionnaires, or their interpretation.
Level of physical activity. Sedentary lifestyle. Accelerometers. GPAQ.
Effects of 20 weeks of a fitness-oriented training program with hypoxia mask
The Elevation Training Mask 2.0 (ETM®) was designed to emulate altitude training.The effect of ETM®use on body composition, VO2max and jump power was investigated. Twenty-two healthy adults were separated into an experimental (EXP; n = 10) and a control group (CON; n = 12). All completed 20 weeks of a fitness-oriented program. Only EXP used ETM®. All subjects were evaluated on body composition, Course Navette test and Squat Jump test.No differenceswere found between both groups inbody compositionor jump power. There was an increase in VO2max of EXP.Training with ETM® seems to stimulate the increase in VO2max, with no advantage in improving jump power or body composition.
Relationship of phase angle with variables of body composition and muscular strength in athletes
Introduction. The phase angle (AF) is currently used to establish cellular integrity, which is why it has been used to recognize body cell mass and is used as an indicator at the nutritional level in children and adults. Objective. Relate the values ​​obtained from AF with variables of body composition and muscle strength in athletes. Methodology. Quantitative approach of a non-experimental type and with a cross-sectional correlational scope, likewise the type of data that were taken were from 129 athletes, 101 (78.3) men and 28 (21.7%) and women, to whom body composition (through InBody 770), and muscle strength (T-force, model TF-100) were taken. Results. A statistically significant but weak correlation is obtained between the phase angle and the percentage (%) of fat mass and between the mean forces, which are inverses. Likewise, a significant and moderate statistical correlation was found between phase angle and kilograms (Kg) of musculoskeletal mass, load (kg) maximum force, Average Power, maximum power and total body water and phase angle which are positive.
Ángulo de fase, fuerza, composición corporal, deportistas
El atletismo escolar desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de educación física
Athletics is considered the basis for other sports because it has basic movements, such as running, jumping and throwing. But it has been overlooked in Physical Education classes. With this, the objective of the research was to verify how was the experience of the students of the 1st year of the Physical Education course with the content of athletics in the school period (elementary and high school). For that, an online questionnaire containing 11 questions was applied. As a result, it was diagnosed that regardless of school education being in private or public network, few had access to athletics content. As well as there is an absence of infrastructure and materials to work with athletics in this context. It is concluded with the research that these factors become limiting to not be applied during classes. But it is indicated that the content can be adapted in several ways, from implements, locations and in a playful way.
Musculoskeletal disorders in handball athletes
O handebol tende a apresentar lesões musculoesqueléticas, é importante analisar os atletas para melhorar os treinamentos dos atletas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar as áreas mais lesionadas em atletas de handebol do município de São Luiz – MA. Foram selecionadas atletas com pelo menos três anos de prática e foi aplicado o questionário nórdico de disfunção musculoesquelética. Foram entrevistadas 13 atletas com idade de 20 ± 6,20 anos e constou-se que as mais regiões afetadas foram joelho e ombro. Concluiu-se que joelho e ombro são lideres em distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, os mecanismos de lesão estão relacionados ao volume de treino e traumas durante as partidas.
The school sports and his competitions at private school in Montevideo
The following article is a partial report of the study “School sports and competitions in the formal education system: the situation in Montevideo.” We discuss the findings regarding competitions in the fifth and sixth grades of primary school in private schools in Montevideo, their characterization, and the theoretical assumptions that support them. We introduce and address the discussion around the place attributed to school sports, its structure in curricular and extracurricular settings, and competition as a teaching resource. The purpose of this publication is to disseminate knowledge and to contribute to the professionalization of physical education by connecting its actors and facilitating theoretical discussions based on the professional practice.
Acute and chronic effects of using elevation training masks during exercise
The so-called Elevation Training Mask (ETM) is marketed for the purpose of emulating the hypoxic conditions that prevail at different altitude levels. The present work reviews the studies that analyze the acute and chronic effects of using ETM on variables associated with physical performance. Although there is some controversy, most studies report an acute hypoxic effect and improvements in cardiorespiratory parameters derived from using ETM, in addition to being, in general terms, well tolerated. For strength training, the use of ETM could be detrimental. More studies with different populations and studies with longer interventions are needed.
A critical reading of the Sports Law (“Promotion and Protection of the Sports System”) of Uruguay, effective as of September 2019, is made. We start with an overview that emphasizes on the definitions of law and sport, leading to an analysis of the law guided by three categories that stress its degree of legitimacy: social, epistemic and legal. We end by providing aspects that could be used in future legislation that defines the legislated object more precisely, inevitably requiring for the distances between the concepts of Sport, Physical Education and physical activity to be specified, therefore strengthening the law and the field that it legislates.
Conceptos básicos de biomecánica del voleibol
The study on the biomechanics of volleyball skills is important for the coach to understand the kinematic and kinetic responses of these sports techniques. The objective of the review was to present the biomechanics research on volleyball serve and attack. Jump serve and attack have similar phases during their execution (approach, take-off, flight, and land). In this review, the kinematic and kinetic aspects of these phases of the jump serve and of the attack were presented. In conclusion, biomechanics deserves to be used during the training sessions with the objective of causing an increase in the execution of the jump serve and of the attack.
Dez sessões de iniciação a natação são suficientes para gerar mudanças sobre a atenção concentrada em crianças?
Objetivo: Dez sessões de iniciação a natação são suficientes para gerar mudanças sobre a atenção concentrada em crianças? Métodos: Estudo clínico quase experimental de abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliadas 13 crianças de ambos os sexos com média de idade (9,5 ± 2,1) anos participantes de um programa de iniciação esportiva em esportes aquáticos. Foi aplicado o teste de Grade (TG), para avaliar a atenção concentrada dos participantes. Resultados: As crianças avaliadas apresentaram os seguintes valores, pré-teste TG total (6,7 ± 3,4). Após dez sessões de iniciação a natação os voluntários apresentaram os seguintes resultados, pós-teste TG total (10,4 ± 4,6), (Δ = 43%; p = <0,01). Conclusão: O presente trabalho nos mostrou que dez sessões de iniciação a natação apresentaram resultados significativos sobre a atenção concentrada em crianças que se ingressaram em um programa de iniciação esportiva em esportes aquáticos.